低温解除牡丹休眠过程中花芽细胞的膜脂过氧化研究

低温诱导解除牡丹休眠过程中,花芽细胞发生膜脂过氧化变化．低温诱导前期,花芽细胞内活性氧、O2·产生速率上升,然后急剧下降,低温处理24d趋于稳定．MDA含量变化趋势与O2^-·基本一致．SOD在低温诱导前期下降,后随低温的积累上升．POD活性在休眠解除过程中一直上升．CAT活性在低温处理16d上升至最大值,然后急剧下降,24d后稳定．一直处于温室较高温度下的对照植株,细胞的膜脂过氧化水平变化不大．试验表明,低温诱导牡丹花芽休眠解除过程中,细胞内活性氧、O2^-·产生速率快速上升,很可能是花芽体眠解除的信号,花芽细胞的膜脂过氧化程度与体眠解除有密切关系．     

外来植物薇甘菊对本地植物凋落物分解的影响

 外来植物薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha HBK.）已入侵华南许多地区,并造成严重危害。探讨了外来植物薇甘菊凋落物对4种本地植物大叶榕（Ficus virens）、潺槁树（Litsea glutinosa）、樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）和台湾相思（Acacia confusa）凋落物分解的影响。凋落物分解采用网袋法,将薇甘菊凋落物分别与本地植物凋落物按3个比例混合,3个比例为,m（薇甘菊）∶m（本地植物） = M₁（1∶4）,M₂（1∶1）和M₃（4∶1）。分解60 d后,测定凋落物的分解速率与养分释放。结果表明,薇甘菊与本地植物凋落物混合比例为M₁时,凋落物分解速率变慢,但在M₃时,凋落物的分解速率变快。与单独本地凋落物养分释放相比,薇甘菊凋落物混入后C释放有所下降,而N素释放量有所提高,这种N释放量的增加可能会对薇甘菊的入侵产生正反馈作用。     

上海常绿树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益研究

以上海地区6种典型园林绿化植物为研究对象,利用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定了它们四季的光合蒸腾等生理生态指标,并通过三维绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标分析了它们的固碳释氧和增温增湿效益。结果表明:全年中每个树种的固碳释氧和降温增湿能力都表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;6个树种年固碳释氧能力为香樟广玉兰柳杉桂花冬青蚊母。夏季,日固碳释氧能力为冬青香樟蚊母桂花广玉兰柳杉,降温增湿能力为香樟冬青桂花广玉兰蚊母柳杉;日降温增湿能力为冬青蚊母香樟广玉兰桂花柳杉。因此:在上海城市绿化树种选择中,可优先选择香樟和广玉兰等固碳释氧及降温增湿能力较强的乔木树种,并适当搭配桂花、蚊母和冬青等灌木,一些景观价值较高但降温增湿效益不高的树种如柳杉应避免大面积种植;同时考虑植被绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标,优化树种结构,以达到城市园林绿化的生态效益最大化。     

俄色总黄酮缓释栓剂的制备工艺研究

目的进行藏药新药俄色总黄酮(ESE)降糖缓释栓剂的制备工艺研究.方法通过单因素实验和多因素实验以混合PEG为基质,分别以HPMC、CMC-Na和硬脂酸为缓释材料,采用熔融法制备含不同量缓释材料的ESE缓释栓剂,考察体外累计释放度和缓释材料含量之间的关系,优化ESE缓释栓剂的最佳处方和制备工艺.结果 ESE缓释栓剂的最优处方组成为:ESE 200 g;硬脂酸400 g,PEG400 1400 g,PEG4000 1400 g.ESE缓释栓剂在12 h内缓慢释放,且释药完全(90%).结论 ESE缓释栓剂处方设计合理,制备工艺可行.     

The dental amalgam issue. A review

Summary Using an interdisciplinary approach, the current position in the dental amalgam controversy and the potential impact of amalgam mercury on human health are reviewed. Aspects of materials science, corrosion, mercury exposure, toxicology, neurology and immunology are included.New data on mercury exposure from corroded amalgam fillings in vivo are presented. The exposure can reach levels considerably over known threshold limit values. Also, measurements of mercury absorption from intraoral air are presented. The vital importance of avoiding a galvanic amalgam-gold coupling is emphasized. The symptomatology of a disabled patient, who recovered after amalgam removal, has been included.It is concluded that discussion of the dental amalgam issue has suffered from the lack of an interdisciplinary approach. It would be wise to learn from the lesson of acrodynia, and consider amalgam mercury among other possible factors in neurological and immunological diseases of unclear etiology.     

小型低温强制循环热水采暖系统中的安全设施

本文阐述小型低温强剖循环热水采暖系统中预防炉水汽化、循环水的热膨胀、水击以及排污、放气等安全装置的原理、结构和操作方法。     

Impaired insulin release in aging rats: Metabolic and ionic events

We investigated the effect of aging on glucose uptake, glucose-induced O₂ consumption, glucose-induced⁴⁵Ca movements, and calmodulin content to elucidate age-related impairment of glucose-induced insulin release in pancreatic islets of Wistar rats. Intact pancreatic islets from old (24-month-old) rats showed impaired glucose-induced insulin release; glucose uptake and O₂ consumption were lower in old than in young (2-month-old) or adult (12-month-old) rats. Moreover,⁴⁵Ca uptake and calmodulin content were decreased in pancreatic islets from older rats, which explained the impairment in glucose-induced insulin release in aging. No major differences between the 3 age groups in glucose-induced⁴⁵Ca efflux in pancreatic islets were observed.     

Tetanus toxin does not affect the release of noradrenaline and taurine from rat cerebral cortex slices evoked by high K+ and Na+-free media

Summary Noradrenaline and taurine release from superfused rat cerebral cortex slices was stimulated by potassium ions, veratrine, ouabain and omission of sodium ions. Tetanus toxin enhanced only the ouabain-evoked calcium-dependent noradrenaline release and the ouabain-evoked calcium-independent taurine release. The uptake of both was marginally affected.     

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide stimulates prolactin release in vivo in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)

Summary I.v. administration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to ring doves significantly elevated the plasma concentration of prolactin after 10 min in a dose-related manner. The plasma prolactin concentration of nonbreeding doves with low basal levels was increased by a similar amount as in brooding doves whose initially high concentration of plasma prolactin had been reduced by nest deprivation prior to treatment.